ComfyUI/comfy/ldm/wan/vae.py
ReinerBforartists 385221234c Fixes mutable default arguments in the wan vae.
In Python, mutable default arguments are evaluated **once at function definition time** and shared across all subsequent calls. This is a well-known Python pitfall:

```python
# BAD: this list is shared across ALL calls to forward()
def forward(self, x, feat_cache=None, feat_idx=[0]):
    feat_idx[0] += 1  # modifies the shared default list!
```

In `comfy/ldm/wan/vae.py` and `comfy/ldm/wan/vae2_2.py`, the `forward` methods of `Resample`, `ResidualBlock`, `Down_ResidualBlock`, `Up_ResidualBlock`, `Encoder3d` and `Decoder3d` all use `feat_idx=[0]` as a default argument. Since `feat_idx[0]` is incremented inside these methods, the default value accumulates between inference runs. On the second run, `feat_idx[0]` no longer starts at `0` but at whatever value it reached at the end of the first run, causing incorrect cache indexing throughout the entire encoder and decoder.

**Fix:**

```python
# GOOD: a new list is created for every call that doesn't pass feat_idx
def forward(self, x, feat_cache=None, feat_idx=None):
    # Fix: mutable default argument feat_idx=[0] would persist between calls
    if feat_idx is None:
        feat_idx = [0]
```

**Observed impact:** On AMD/ROCm hardware this bug caused 4-5x slower inference on all runs after the first with WAN VAE. After this fix, only Run 2 remains slightly slower (due to a separate MIOpen kernel cache issue), while Run 3 and beyond are now as fast as Run 1. The bug likely affects all hardware to some degree as incorrect cache indexing causes unnecessary recomputation.

Related issues exists in the ROCm tracker and in the ComfyUI tracker.

https://github.com/ROCm/ROCm/issues/6008
https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/issues/12672#issuecomment-4059981039
2026-03-14 09:57:05 +01:00

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# original version: https://github.com/Wan-Video/Wan2.1/blob/main/wan/modules/vae.py
# Copyright 2024-2025 The Alibaba Wan Team Authors. All rights reserved.
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from einops import rearrange
from comfy.ldm.modules.diffusionmodules.model import vae_attention, torch_cat_if_needed
import comfy.ops
ops = comfy.ops.disable_weight_init
CACHE_T = 2
class CausalConv3d(ops.Conv3d):
"""
Causal 3d convolusion.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self._padding = 2 * self.padding[0]
self.padding = (0, self.padding[1], self.padding[2])
def forward(self, x, cache_x=None, cache_list=None, cache_idx=None):
if cache_list is not None:
cache_x = cache_list[cache_idx]
cache_list[cache_idx] = None
if cache_x is None and x.shape[2] == 1:
#Fast path - the op will pad for use by truncating the weight
#and save math on a pile of zeros.
return super().forward(x, autopad="causal_zero")
if self._padding > 0:
padding_needed = self._padding
if cache_x is not None:
cache_x = cache_x.to(x.device)
padding_needed = max(0, padding_needed - cache_x.shape[2])
padding_shape = list(x.shape)
padding_shape[2] = padding_needed
padding = torch.zeros(padding_shape, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)
x = torch_cat_if_needed([padding, cache_x, x], dim=2)
del cache_x
return super().forward(x)
class RMS_norm(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, dim, channel_first=True, images=True, bias=False):
super().__init__()
broadcastable_dims = (1, 1, 1) if not images else (1, 1)
shape = (dim, *broadcastable_dims) if channel_first else (dim,)
self.channel_first = channel_first
self.scale = dim**0.5
self.gamma = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(shape))
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(shape)) if bias else None
def forward(self, x):
return F.normalize(
x, dim=(1 if self.channel_first else -1)) * self.scale * self.gamma.to(x) + (self.bias.to(x) if self.bias is not None else 0)
class Resample(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, dim, mode):
assert mode in ('none', 'upsample2d', 'upsample3d', 'downsample2d',
'downsample3d')
super().__init__()
self.dim = dim
self.mode = mode
# layers
if mode == 'upsample2d':
self.resample = nn.Sequential(
nn.Upsample(scale_factor=(2., 2.), mode='nearest-exact'),
ops.Conv2d(dim, dim // 2, 3, padding=1))
elif mode == 'upsample3d':
self.resample = nn.Sequential(
nn.Upsample(scale_factor=(2., 2.), mode='nearest-exact'),
ops.Conv2d(dim, dim // 2, 3, padding=1))
self.time_conv = CausalConv3d(
dim, dim * 2, (3, 1, 1), padding=(1, 0, 0))
elif mode == 'downsample2d':
self.resample = nn.Sequential(
nn.ZeroPad2d((0, 1, 0, 1)),
ops.Conv2d(dim, dim, 3, stride=(2, 2)))
elif mode == 'downsample3d':
self.resample = nn.Sequential(
nn.ZeroPad2d((0, 1, 0, 1)),
ops.Conv2d(dim, dim, 3, stride=(2, 2)))
self.time_conv = CausalConv3d(
dim, dim, (3, 1, 1), stride=(2, 1, 1), padding=(0, 0, 0))
else:
self.resample = nn.Identity()
# Fix: mutable default argument feat_idx=[0] would persist between calls
def forward(self, x, feat_cache=None, feat_idx=None):
if feat_idx is None:
feat_idx = [0]
b, c, t, h, w = x.size()
if self.mode == 'upsample3d':
if feat_cache is not None:
idx = feat_idx[0]
if feat_cache[idx] is None:
feat_cache[idx] = 'Rep'
feat_idx[0] += 1
else:
cache_x = x[:, :, -CACHE_T:, :, :].clone()
if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[
idx] is not None and feat_cache[idx] != 'Rep':
# cache last frame of last two chunk
cache_x = torch.cat([
feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1, :, :].unsqueeze(2).to(
cache_x.device), cache_x
],
dim=2)
if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[
idx] is not None and feat_cache[idx] == 'Rep':
cache_x = torch.cat([
torch.zeros_like(cache_x).to(cache_x.device),
cache_x
],
dim=2)
if feat_cache[idx] == 'Rep':
x = self.time_conv(x)
else:
x = self.time_conv(x, feat_cache[idx])
feat_cache[idx] = cache_x
feat_idx[0] += 1
x = x.reshape(b, 2, c, t, h, w)
x = torch.stack((x[:, 0, :, :, :, :], x[:, 1, :, :, :, :]),
3)
x = x.reshape(b, c, t * 2, h, w)
t = x.shape[2]
x = rearrange(x, 'b c t h w -> (b t) c h w')
x = self.resample(x)
x = rearrange(x, '(b t) c h w -> b c t h w', t=t)
if self.mode == 'downsample3d':
if feat_cache is not None:
idx = feat_idx[0]
if feat_cache[idx] is None:
feat_cache[idx] = x.clone()
feat_idx[0] += 1
else:
cache_x = x[:, :, -1:, :, :].clone()
# if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[idx] is not None and feat_cache[idx]!='Rep':
# # cache last frame of last two chunk
# cache_x = torch.cat([feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1, :, :].unsqueeze(2).to(cache_x.device), cache_x], dim=2)
x = self.time_conv(
torch.cat([feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1:, :, :], x], 2))
feat_cache[idx] = cache_x
feat_idx[0] += 1
return x
class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_dim, out_dim, dropout=0.0):
super().__init__()
self.in_dim = in_dim
self.out_dim = out_dim
# layers
self.residual = nn.Sequential(
RMS_norm(in_dim, images=False), nn.SiLU(),
CausalConv3d(in_dim, out_dim, 3, padding=1),
RMS_norm(out_dim, images=False), nn.SiLU(), nn.Dropout(dropout),
CausalConv3d(out_dim, out_dim, 3, padding=1))
self.shortcut = CausalConv3d(in_dim, out_dim, 1) \
if in_dim != out_dim else nn.Identity()
# Fix: mutable default argument feat_idx=[0] would persist between calls
def forward(self, x, feat_cache=None, feat_idx=None):
if feat_idx is None:
feat_idx = [0]
old_x = x
for layer in self.residual:
if isinstance(layer, CausalConv3d) and feat_cache is not None:
idx = feat_idx[0]
cache_x = x[:, :, -CACHE_T:, :, :].clone()
if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[idx] is not None:
# cache last frame of last two chunk
cache_x = torch.cat([
feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1, :, :].unsqueeze(2).to(
cache_x.device), cache_x
],
dim=2)
x = layer(x, cache_list=feat_cache, cache_idx=idx)
feat_cache[idx] = cache_x
feat_idx[0] += 1
else:
x = layer(x)
return x + self.shortcut(old_x)
class AttentionBlock(nn.Module):
"""
Causal self-attention with a single head.
"""
def __init__(self, dim):
super().__init__()
self.dim = dim
# layers
self.norm = RMS_norm(dim)
self.to_qkv = ops.Conv2d(dim, dim * 3, 1)
self.proj = ops.Conv2d(dim, dim, 1)
self.optimized_attention = vae_attention()
def forward(self, x):
identity = x
b, c, t, h, w = x.size()
x = rearrange(x, 'b c t h w -> (b t) c h w')
x = self.norm(x)
# compute query, key, value
q, k, v = self.to_qkv(x).chunk(3, dim=1)
x = self.optimized_attention(q, k, v)
# output
x = self.proj(x)
x = rearrange(x, '(b t) c h w-> b c t h w', t=t)
return x + identity
class Encoder3d(nn.Module):
def __init__(self,
dim=128,
z_dim=4,
input_channels=3,
dim_mult=[1, 2, 4, 4],
num_res_blocks=2,
attn_scales=[],
temperal_downsample=[True, True, False],
dropout=0.0):
super().__init__()
self.dim = dim
self.z_dim = z_dim
self.dim_mult = dim_mult
self.num_res_blocks = num_res_blocks
self.attn_scales = attn_scales
self.temperal_downsample = temperal_downsample
# dimensions
dims = [dim * u for u in [1] + dim_mult]
scale = 1.0
# init block
self.conv1 = CausalConv3d(input_channels, dims[0], 3, padding=1)
# downsample blocks
downsamples = []
for i, (in_dim, out_dim) in enumerate(zip(dims[:-1], dims[1:])):
# residual (+attention) blocks
for _ in range(num_res_blocks):
downsamples.append(ResidualBlock(in_dim, out_dim, dropout))
if scale in attn_scales:
downsamples.append(AttentionBlock(out_dim))
in_dim = out_dim
# downsample block
if i != len(dim_mult) - 1:
mode = 'downsample3d' if temperal_downsample[
i] else 'downsample2d'
downsamples.append(Resample(out_dim, mode=mode))
scale /= 2.0
self.downsamples = nn.Sequential(*downsamples)
# middle blocks
self.middle = nn.Sequential(
ResidualBlock(out_dim, out_dim, dropout), AttentionBlock(out_dim),
ResidualBlock(out_dim, out_dim, dropout))
# output blocks
self.head = nn.Sequential(
RMS_norm(out_dim, images=False), nn.SiLU(),
CausalConv3d(out_dim, z_dim, 3, padding=1))
# Fix: mutable default argument feat_idx=[0] would persist between calls
def forward(self, x, feat_cache=None, feat_idx=None):
if feat_idx is None:
feat_idx = [0]
if feat_cache is not None:
idx = feat_idx[0]
cache_x = x[:, :, -CACHE_T:, :, :].clone()
if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[idx] is not None:
# cache last frame of last two chunk
cache_x = torch.cat([
feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1, :, :].unsqueeze(2).to(
cache_x.device), cache_x
],
dim=2)
x = self.conv1(x, feat_cache[idx])
feat_cache[idx] = cache_x
feat_idx[0] += 1
else:
x = self.conv1(x)
## downsamples
for layer in self.downsamples:
if feat_cache is not None:
x = layer(x, feat_cache, feat_idx)
else:
x = layer(x)
## middle
for layer in self.middle:
if isinstance(layer, ResidualBlock) and feat_cache is not None:
x = layer(x, feat_cache, feat_idx)
else:
x = layer(x)
## head
for layer in self.head:
if isinstance(layer, CausalConv3d) and feat_cache is not None:
idx = feat_idx[0]
cache_x = x[:, :, -CACHE_T:, :, :].clone()
if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[idx] is not None:
# cache last frame of last two chunk
cache_x = torch.cat([
feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1, :, :].unsqueeze(2).to(
cache_x.device), cache_x
],
dim=2)
x = layer(x, feat_cache[idx])
feat_cache[idx] = cache_x
feat_idx[0] += 1
else:
x = layer(x)
return x
class Decoder3d(nn.Module):
def __init__(self,
dim=128,
z_dim=4,
output_channels=3,
dim_mult=[1, 2, 4, 4],
num_res_blocks=2,
attn_scales=[],
temperal_upsample=[False, True, True],
dropout=0.0):
super().__init__()
self.dim = dim
self.z_dim = z_dim
self.dim_mult = dim_mult
self.num_res_blocks = num_res_blocks
self.attn_scales = attn_scales
self.temperal_upsample = temperal_upsample
# dimensions
dims = [dim * u for u in [dim_mult[-1]] + dim_mult[::-1]]
scale = 1.0 / 2**(len(dim_mult) - 2)
# init block
self.conv1 = CausalConv3d(z_dim, dims[0], 3, padding=1)
# middle blocks
self.middle = nn.Sequential(
ResidualBlock(dims[0], dims[0], dropout), AttentionBlock(dims[0]),
ResidualBlock(dims[0], dims[0], dropout))
# upsample blocks
upsamples = []
for i, (in_dim, out_dim) in enumerate(zip(dims[:-1], dims[1:])):
# residual (+attention) blocks
if i == 1 or i == 2 or i == 3:
in_dim = in_dim // 2
for _ in range(num_res_blocks + 1):
upsamples.append(ResidualBlock(in_dim, out_dim, dropout))
if scale in attn_scales:
upsamples.append(AttentionBlock(out_dim))
in_dim = out_dim
# upsample block
if i != len(dim_mult) - 1:
mode = 'upsample3d' if temperal_upsample[i] else 'upsample2d'
upsamples.append(Resample(out_dim, mode=mode))
scale *= 2.0
self.upsamples = nn.Sequential(*upsamples)
# output blocks
self.head = nn.Sequential(
RMS_norm(out_dim, images=False), nn.SiLU(),
CausalConv3d(out_dim, output_channels, 3, padding=1))
# Fix: mutable default argument feat_idx=[0] would persist between calls
def forward(self, x, feat_cache=None, feat_idx=None):
if feat_idx is None:
feat_idx = [0]
## conv1
if feat_cache is not None:
idx = feat_idx[0]
cache_x = x[:, :, -CACHE_T:, :, :].clone()
if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[idx] is not None:
# cache last frame of last two chunk
cache_x = torch.cat([
feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1, :, :].unsqueeze(2).to(
cache_x.device), cache_x
],
dim=2)
x = self.conv1(x, feat_cache[idx])
feat_cache[idx] = cache_x
feat_idx[0] += 1
else:
x = self.conv1(x)
## middle
for layer in self.middle:
if isinstance(layer, ResidualBlock) and feat_cache is not None:
x = layer(x, feat_cache, feat_idx)
else:
x = layer(x)
## upsamples
for layer in self.upsamples:
if feat_cache is not None:
x = layer(x, feat_cache, feat_idx)
else:
x = layer(x)
## head
for layer in self.head:
if isinstance(layer, CausalConv3d) and feat_cache is not None:
idx = feat_idx[0]
cache_x = x[:, :, -CACHE_T:, :, :].clone()
if cache_x.shape[2] < 2 and feat_cache[idx] is not None:
# cache last frame of last two chunk
cache_x = torch.cat([
feat_cache[idx][:, :, -1, :, :].unsqueeze(2).to(
cache_x.device), cache_x
],
dim=2)
x = layer(x, feat_cache[idx])
feat_cache[idx] = cache_x
feat_idx[0] += 1
else:
x = layer(x)
return x
def count_conv3d(model):
count = 0
for m in model.modules():
if isinstance(m, CausalConv3d):
count += 1
return count
class WanVAE(nn.Module):
def __init__(self,
dim=128,
z_dim=4,
dim_mult=[1, 2, 4, 4],
num_res_blocks=2,
attn_scales=[],
temperal_downsample=[True, True, False],
image_channels=3,
conv_out_channels=3,
dropout=0.0):
super().__init__()
self.dim = dim
self.z_dim = z_dim
self.dim_mult = dim_mult
self.num_res_blocks = num_res_blocks
self.attn_scales = attn_scales
self.temperal_downsample = temperal_downsample
self.temperal_upsample = temperal_downsample[::-1]
# modules
self.encoder = Encoder3d(dim, z_dim * 2, image_channels, dim_mult, num_res_blocks,
attn_scales, self.temperal_downsample, dropout)
self.conv1 = CausalConv3d(z_dim * 2, z_dim * 2, 1)
self.conv2 = CausalConv3d(z_dim, z_dim, 1)
self.decoder = Decoder3d(dim, z_dim, conv_out_channels, dim_mult, num_res_blocks,
attn_scales, self.temperal_upsample, dropout)
def encode(self, x):
conv_idx = [0]
## cache
t = x.shape[2]
iter_ = 1 + (t - 1) // 4
feat_map = None
if iter_ > 1:
feat_map = [None] * count_conv3d(self.encoder)
## 对encode输入的x按时间拆分为1、4、4、4....
for i in range(iter_):
conv_idx = [0]
if i == 0:
out = self.encoder(
x[:, :, :1, :, :],
feat_cache=feat_map,
feat_idx=conv_idx)
else:
out_ = self.encoder(
x[:, :, 1 + 4 * (i - 1):1 + 4 * i, :, :],
feat_cache=feat_map,
feat_idx=conv_idx)
out = torch.cat([out, out_], 2)
mu, log_var = self.conv1(out).chunk(2, dim=1)
return mu
def decode(self, z):
conv_idx = [0]
# z: [b,c,t,h,w]
iter_ = z.shape[2]
feat_map = None
if iter_ > 1:
feat_map = [None] * count_conv3d(self.decoder)
x = self.conv2(z)
for i in range(iter_):
conv_idx = [0]
if i == 0:
out = self.decoder(
x[:, :, i:i + 1, :, :],
feat_cache=feat_map,
feat_idx=conv_idx)
else:
out_ = self.decoder(
x[:, :, i:i + 1, :, :],
feat_cache=feat_map,
feat_idx=conv_idx)
out = torch.cat([out, out_], 2)
return out